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Lesson 05: Definition of Innate (Inborn) Behavior

Lesson 94/305 | Study Time: 30 Min

Course: Biology XII

Lesson 05: Definition of Innate (Inborn) Behavior

Learning Outcomes:

i. Define innate behavior and distinguish it from learned behavior.

ii. Explain how innate behaviors are present from birth or develop early in life without requiring specific learning experiences.

iii. Understand the role of genes and evolution in shaping innate behaviors.

iv. Appreciate the diverse range of innate behaviors observed across the animal kingdom, from simple reflexes to complex social interactions.

Introduction:

Imagine a world where every action is a blank page waiting to be inscribed with experience. In this world, behavior is a story written by the environment, its chapters shaped by lessons learned and experiences accumulated. But amidst this story, there exist innate behaviors – tales woven into the very fabric of an organism, present from birth or developing early in life without the need for a single external brushstroke. In this lesson, we'll unlock the secrets of this innate script, understanding its origin, nature, and its fascinating role in the animal kingdom.

i. Born With the Script: What are Innate Behaviors?

Innate behaviors are like pre-written chapters in the book of life, unfolding without the need for any external tutoring. They are actions that an organism performs instinctively, driven by its genetic makeup and the internal clock that ticks within. Imagine a newborn baby sucking its mother's breast, a reflex essential for survival that appears without any prior learning. Or picture a spider spinning its intricate web, a complex behavior guided by its genetic blueprint, not by trial and error. These are just a few glimpses into the vast repertoire of innate behaviors that paint the canvas of the animal kingdom.

ii. Whispers from the Past: Genes and Evolution

The script of innate behaviors is written in the language of genes, passed down from generation to generation through the process of evolution. Over millions of years, behaviors that proved advantageous for survival and reproduction were preserved in the genetic code, becoming part of the innate repertoire of a species. Imagine a group of deer with a strong instinct to flee from predators. Those with this innate behavior were more likely to survive and pass on their genes, ensuring that this behavior became a defining characteristic of their species.

iii. Beyond Simple Reflexes: The Diversity of Innate Behaviors

The stage of innate behaviors is not limited to simple reflexes and basic survival instincts. It encompasses a wide range of complex social interactions, migratory patterns, and even communication systems. Imagine the intricate courtship dances of birds, the synchronized movements of an ant colony, or the vocalizations of whales – all expressions of innate scripts written in the genes of these creatures.

iv. The Interplay with Experience: Learning and Adapting

While innate behaviors are powerful drivers of action, they are not written in stone. Organisms are not simply puppets acting out a pre-determined script. The environment and experience can influence the expression and refinement of these innate behaviors. Imagine a young bird instinctively following its parents' migration route, but learning to adapt its flight path based on landmarks and weather patterns. In this way, innate behaviors provide the foundation, while experience adds the brushstrokes of adaptation and individual variation.

Innate behaviors are the whispers of evolution, the echoes of past successes etched into the genetic code. They are the pre-written chapters in the book of life, guiding organisms through the dance of survival and reproduction. Understanding these innate scripts allows us to appreciate the remarkable diversity of the animal kingdom, the intricate interplay between genes and environment, and the beautiful tapestry of life woven from both nature and experience. So, the next time you witness a newborn's instinctive grasp, a spider's mesmerizing web, or the synchronized flight of a flock of birds, remember that you are witnessing the unfolding of a story written in the very language of life itself.

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1- Lesson 01: Respiratory Surface and Properties 2- Lesson 02: Components of Human Respiratory System 3- Lesson 03: Ventilation Mechanism in Humans 4- Lesson 04: Lung Volumes and Capacities 5- Lesson 05: Control of Breathing 6- Lesson 06: Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 7- Lesson 07: Role of Respiratory Pigments 8- Lesson 08: Respiratory Tract Infections 9- Lesson 09: Disorders of Lungs 10- Lesson 10: Effects of Smoking on Respiratory System 11- Lesson 01: Elements of Homeostatic Mechanisms 12- Lesson 02: Homeostatic Mechanisms and Feedback Systems 13- Lesson 03: Osmoconformers and Osmoregulators 14- Lesson 04: Osmoregulation 15- Lesson 05: Problems Faced by Osmoregulators 16- Lesson 06: Osmoregulation in Different Habitats 17- Lesson 07: Nitrogenous Compounds in Excretion 18- Lesson 08: Excretory Products and Habitat 19- Lesson 09: Organs of the Urinary System 20- Lesson 10: Structure of Kidney and its Function 21- Lesson 11: Structure of Nephron 22- Lesson 12: Kidney Functioning - Glomerular Filtration, Selective Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion 23- Lesson 13: Regulation of Urine Concentration 24- Lesson 14: Kidneys as Excretion and Osmoregulation Organs 25- Lesson 15: Comparison of Glomerular and Peritubular Capillaries 26- Lesson 16: Urinary Tract Infections and Responsible Bacteria 27- Lesson 17: Causes and Treatments of Kidney Stones 28- Lesson 18: Causes of Kidney Failure 29- Lesson 19: Dialysis - Mechanism and Problems 30- Lesson 20: Kidney Transplant - Principles and Problems 31- Lesson 21: Thermoregulation and its Needs 32- Lesson 22: Classification of Animals Based on Heat Source 33- Lesson 23: Classification of Animals Based on Thermoregulation Ability 34- Lesson 24: Regulatory Strategies in Human Thermoregulation 35- Lesson 01: Structure of Bone and Comparison with Cartilage 36- Lesson 02: Functions of Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, and Osteocytes 37- Lesson 03: Divisions of the Human Skeleton 38- Lesson 04: Bones of Appendicular and Axial Skeleton 39- Lesson 05: Types of Joints - Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial 40- Lesson 06: Disorders of the Human Skeleton 41- Lesson 07: Types of Fractures and Repair Process 42- Lesson 08: First-Aid Treatment for Fracture 43- Lesson 09: Comparison of Smooth Muscles, Cardiac Muscles, and Skeletal Muscles 44- Lesson 10: Ultra-structure of Skeletal Muscle 45- Lesson 11: Sliding Filaments Model of Muscle Contraction 46- Lesson 12: Antagonistic Muscles in Knee Joint Movement 47- Lesson 13: Muscle Fatigue, Cramps, and Tetany 48- Lesson 14: Tetanus vs. Muscle Tetany 49- Lesson 01: Receptors as Stimulus Transducers 50- Lesson 02: Path of Message Transmission to the CNS 51- Lesson 03: Three Neurons in Nervous Transmission 52- Lesson 04: Muscles and Glands as Effectors 53- Lesson 05: Structure of Sensory, Associative, and Motor Neurons 54- Lesson 06: Myelinated vs. Non-myelinated Neurons 55- Lesson 07: Function of Three Types of Neurons with Reflex Arc 56- Lesson 08: Nerve Impulse Definition 57- Lesson 09: Generation and Transmission of Nerve Impulse 58- Lesson 10: Factors for Resting Membrane Potential of Neuron 59- Lesson 11: Graphical Representation of Membrane Phenomena 60- Lesson 12: Velocities of Nerve Impulse 61- Lesson 13: Role of Local Circuits in Saltatory Conduction 62- Lesson 14: Structure of Synapse 63- Lesson 15: Synaptic Transmission of Nerve Impulse 64- Lesson 16: Classification of Neurotransmitters 65- Lesson 17: Main Components of the Nervous System 66- Lesson 18: Functions of Major Divisions of the Brain 67- Lesson 19: Architecture of Human Brain 68- Lesson 20: Cranial and Spinal Nerves 69- Lesson 21: Autonomic Nervous System 70- Lesson 22: Receptors for Smell, Taste, and Touch/Pain 71- Lesson 23: Narcotic Drugs and their Interaction with the Nervous System 72- Lesson 24: Use and Abuse of Drugs 73- Lesson 25: Drug Addiction and Tolerance 74- Lesson 26: Effects of Drug Addiction and Tolerance on the Nervous System 75- Lesson 27: Withdrawal Symptoms of Alcohol 76- Lesson 28: Classification of Nervous Disorders 77- Lesson 29: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Various Nervous Disorders 78- Lesson 30: Diagnostic Tests for Nervous Disorders - EEG, CT Scan, and MRI 79- Lesson 01: Role of Hormones as Chemical Messengers 80- Lesson 02: Chemical Nature of Hormones and Important Examples 81- Lesson 03: Path of Chemical Message from Release to Action 82- Lesson 04: Two Modes of Hormone Action at Target Cells 83- Lesson 05: Location of Endocrine Glands in the Human Body 84- Lesson 06: Hormonal Secretions of Endocrine Glands 85- Lesson 07: Major Functions and Imbalances of Hormones 86- Lesson 08: Neurosecretory Role of Hypothalamus 87- Lesson 09: Functions of Hormones Secreted by Other Endocrine Tissues 88- Lesson 10: Feedback Mechanism of Hormones 89- Lesson 11: Positive and Negative Feedback with Reference to Hormones 90- Lesson 01: Definition of Behavior 91- Lesson 02: Relationship Between Stimuli and Behavior 92- Lesson 03: Relationship Between Heredity and Behavior 93- Lesson 04: Biological Rhythms and Examples 94- Lesson 05: Definition of Innate (Inborn) Behavior 95- Lesson 06: Examples of Innate Behavior (Taxis and Tropism) 96- Lesson 07: Justification of Reflexes as Innate Behavior 97- Lesson 08: Definition of Instincts as Innate Behavior 98- Lesson 09: Examples of Species-Specific Instinctive Behavior 99- Lesson 10: Definition of Learning and Distinction from Innate Behavior 100- Lesson 11: Definition and Example of Habituation 101- Lesson 12: Explanation of Imprinting Through Lorenz's Work 102- Lesson 13: Differentiation of Habituation and Imprinting 103- Lesson 14: Classical Conditioning and Pavlov's Work 104- Lesson 15: Instrumental Conditioning and Skinner's Work 105- Lesson 16: Latent Learning and Example of a Rat in a Maze 106- Lesson 17: Interpretation of Kohler's Work on Chimpanzee's Insight Learning 107- Lesson 18: Differentiation Between Animal Aggregations and Animal Societies 108- Lesson 19: Description of Hostile and Helpful Interactions in Social Behavior 109- Lesson 20: Explanation of Agonistic Behavior and Its Role in Social Order 110- Lesson 21: Explanation of Territorial Behavior Through Monkey and Gorilla Examples 111- Lesson 22: Explanation of Dominance Hierarchy Through Chicken Example 112- Lesson 23: Definition of Altruism and Illustration Through Honeybee Society 113- Lesson 01: Structures of Male Reproductive System and Their Functions 114- Lesson 02: Principal Reproductive Hormones in Human Males 115- Lesson 03: Structures of Female Reproductive System and Their Functions 116- Lesson 04: Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Regulation 117- Lesson 05: Causes of Female and Male Infertility 118- Lesson 06: In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) as a Solution to Infertility 119- Lesson 07: Definition and Causes of Miscarriage 120- Lesson 08: Relationship Between Miscarriage and Abortion 121- Lesson 09: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Gonorrhea and Syphilis 122- Lesson 10: Explanation of AIDS as a Worldwide Sexually Transmitted Disease 123- Lesson 01: Cleavage and Its Relation to Yolk Amount 124- Lesson 02: Events of Gastrulation 125- Lesson 03: Tissues and Organs Formed from Germ Layers 126- Lesson 04: Events of Neurulation 127- Lesson 05: Formation of Neural Crest and Derivatives 128- Lesson 06: Definition of Organogenesis 129- Lesson 07: Role of Nucleus and Cytoplasm in Development 130- Lesson 08: Overview of Hans Spemann's Work in the Discovery of Induction 131- Lesson 09: Definition of Organizers and Differentiation Between Primary and Secondary Induction 132- Lesson 10: Events of Development in Human Trimesters 133- Lesson 11: Development of Twins and Quadruplets 134- Lesson 12: Structural Details of Placenta and Umbilical Cord 135- Lesson 13: Differentiation Between Gestation and Pregnancy 136- Lesson 14: Role of Fetal and Maternal Hormones in Labor 137- Lesson 15: Definition of Premature Birth and Correlation with Growth Phases 138- Lesson 16: Definition of Afterbirth and Detachment of Umbilical Cord 139- Lesson 17: Definition of Colostrum and Hormonal Role in Milk Production 140- Lesson 18: Hormonal Regulation at the End of Milk Production 141- Lesson 19: Comparison of Breastfeeding and Bottle-feeding 142- Lesson 20: Maternal Derived Abnormalities and Developmental Issues 143- Lesson 21: Genetic Abnormalities in Embryos and Spontaneous Abortion 144- Lesson 22: Fetal Surgery to Correct Developmental Problems 145- Lesson 23: Definition of Allometric Growth and Correlation with Postnatal Development 146- Lesson 24: Definition of Aging 147- Lesson 25: Rationalizing Aging as a Part of Normal Development 148- Lesson 26: Factors Responsible for Aging (Genetic and Extrinsic) 149- Lesson 27: Changes in Primary Aging 150- Lesson 28: Changes in Secondary Aging 151- Lesson 29: Changes at System and Cellular Levels During Aging 152- Lesson 01: Association of Inheritance with Mendel's Laws 153- Lesson 02: Explanation of the Law of Independent Assortment 154- Lesson 03: Expression of Limitations in the Law and Its Usefulness 155- Lesson 04: Statement of the Scope of Independent Assortment in Variation 156- Lesson 05: Evaluation of Inheritance and Mixing During Fertilization as Probabilistic 157- Lesson 06: Description of Exceptions to Mendel's Laws 158- Lesson 07: Explanation of Incomplete Dominance and Example in 4 O’clock Plant 159- Lesson 08: Differentiation Between Incomplete Dominance and Co-dominance 160- Lesson 09: Description of Multiple Alleles and Alleles for ABO Blood Groups 161- Lesson 10: Explanation of Two Alleles with Equal Dominance and Genetics of AB Blood Group 162- Lesson 11: Naming Various Human Blood Group Systems 163- Lesson 12: Association of Multiple Alleles with the ABO Blood Group System 164- Lesson 13: Investigation of Reasons for O-negative as Universal Donor and AB-positive as Universal Recipient 165- Lesson 14: Description of Occurrence of Other Blood Group Systems 166- Lesson 15: Association of Positive and Negative Blood Groups with the Presence and Absence of Rh Factor 167- Lesson 16: Justification of Rh Incompatibility Danger to Fetus and Mother 168- Lesson 17: Explanation of Erythroblastosis Fetalis in Light of Antigen-Antibody Reaction 169- Lesson 18: Measures to Counter Erythroblastosis Fetalis Before Occurrence 170- Lesson 19: Explanation of Polygenic and Epistasis 171- Lesson 20: Description of Polygenic Inheritance with Examples from Plants and Animals 172- Lesson 21: Listing Five Polygenic Traits Discovered in Humans 173- Lesson 22: Relating Polygenic Inheritance with Epistasis 174- Lesson 23: Example of Epistasis in Mammals and Plants with Justification of Modified Mendelian Ratios 175- Lesson 24: Description of Gene Linkage and Crossing Over 176- Lesson 25: Explanation of How Gene Linkage Counters Independent Assortment and Crossing-Over Modifies Progeny 177- Lesson 26: Exemplification of Gene Linkage with Drosophila Example 178- Lesson 27: Suggestion of Large Progeny Size for Linkage Observations 179- Lesson 28: Explanation of XX-XY Mechanism of Sex Determination in Drosophila and Mammals 180- Lesson 29: Description of XX-XO and ZZ-ZW Sex Determination Systems and Karyotype Evaluation 181- Lesson 30: Identification of Differences Between Homogametic and Heterogametic Conditions in Human Karyotype 182- Lesson 31: Identification of Male and Female Individuals in Drosophila and Man Karyotypes 183- Lesson 32: Solving Genetics Problems Related to Sex Determination 184- Lesson 33: Description of the Concept of Sex-Linkage 185- Lesson 34: Explanation of the Inheritance of Sex-Linked Traits in Drosophila 186- Lesson 35: Description of Sex-Linked Inheritance of Male Characters and the Effect of Hollandric Genes 187- Lesson 36: Description of Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Traits with Examples from Human Genetics 188- Lesson 37: Description of X-Linked Disorders with Reference to Patterns of Inheritance 189- Lesson 38: Naming Some Sex-Linked Disorders of Man and Drosophila 190- Lesson 39: Critical Analysis of the Inheritance of Haemophilia, Colour Blindness, and Muscular Dystrophy 191- Lesson 01: Critical Analysis of the History of Chromosomal Theory with Reference to Correns’ Work 192- Lesson 02: Critical Analysis of the Experiments of T.H. Morgan Supporting Chromosomal Theory 193- Lesson 03: Annotation of the Detailed Structure of a Chromosome 194- Lesson 04: Description of the Concept of Gene and Gene Locus 195- Lesson 05: Explanation of Alleles as Alternative Forms of a Gene 196- Lesson 06: Narration of Griffith and Hershey-Chase Experiments on DNA as Hereditary Material 197- Lesson 07: Description of Three Models Proposed for DNA Replication Mechanism 198- Lesson 08: Narration of Meselson and Stahl's Work on Semi-conservative DNA Replication 199- Lesson 09: Description of Events in the Process of DNA Replication 200- Lesson 10: Explanation of DNA Stability and Variability as Characteristics of Replicating DNA 201- Lesson 11: Description of the Central Dogma of Gene Expression 202- Lesson 12: Definition of Gene and Genetic Code 203- Lesson 13: Differentiation Between Genetic Code and Codon 204- Lesson 14: Explanation of the Mechanism of Transcription 205- Lesson 15: Explanation of the Shortening of Transcribed mRNA Molecule in Eukaryotes 206- Lesson 16: Differentiation of Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 207- Lesson 17: Suggestion of Possible Uses of Synthesized Proteins Within or Outside a Cell 208- Lesson 18: Importance of Gene Expression Regulation 209- Lesson 19: Description of Negative Control of Gene Expression by Repressor Proteins 210- Lesson 20: Description of Positive Control of Gene Expression by Activator Proteins 211- Lesson 21: Relation of Gene Expression with Introns and Exons 212- Lesson 22: Definition of Mutation and Identification of Various Sources 213- Lesson 23: Differentiation Between Natural and Induced Mutations and Mutagens 214- Lesson 24: Justification That Most Mutations Are Harmful 215- Lesson 25: Rationalization That Mutations Might Contribute to Evolution 216- Lesson 26: Description of Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Chromosomal Mutations 217- Lesson 27: Description of Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments of Gene Mutations 218- Lesson 01: Description of Creationism and the Theory of Evolution 219- Lesson 02: Differentiation Between Convergent and Divergent Evolution 220- Lesson 03: Description of Theories on the Evolution of Eukaryotes from Prokaryotes 221- Lesson 04: Description of Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters 222- Lesson 05: Description of Darwin's Observations During HMS Beagle Voyage 223- Lesson 07: Description of Ideas by Charles Lyell, James Hutton, and Thomas Malthus 224- Lesson 08: Description of Alfred Wallace's Role in the Development of Darwinism 225- Lesson 09: Justification for Attribution of the Theory to Darwin 226- Lesson 10: Explanation of Hardy-Weinberg Theorem and Its Assumptions 227- Lesson 11: Explanation of Genetic Drift (Neutral Selection) 228- Lesson 12: Explanation of the Concept of Speciation and Its Mechanisms 229- Lesson 13: Listing Vestigial Structures in Humans and Categorizing Them 230- Lesson 06: Explanation of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection 231- Lesson 14: Description and Analysis of Technological Contributions to Evolutionary Understanding 232- Lesson 01: Definition of Biogeochemical Cycles and Primary Reservoirs 233- Lesson 02: Detailed Description of Water Cycle 234- Lesson 03: Definition of Aquifers and Water Table 235- Lesson 04: Detailed Description of Nitrogen Cycle 236- Lesson 05: Explanation of Productivity (Gross and Net Primary Productivity) 237- Lesson 06: Explanation of Energy Flow in Trophic Levels 238- Lesson 07: Interpretation of Pyramids of Number, Biomass, and Energy 239- Lesson 08: Definition of Ecological Succession and Description of Types 240- Lesson 09: Differentiation Between Xerarch and Hydrarch Succession 241- Lesson 10: Explanation of Xerarch Succession on a Bare Rock 242- Lesson 11: Description of Population Characteristics 243- Lesson 12: Explanation of Demographic Principles and Population Growth Issues 244- Lesson 13: Analysis of the Role of Population Welfare Department, Government of Pakistan 245- Lesson 14: Relating Nuclear Power to Fossil Fuel Scarcity 246- Lesson 15: Discussing Problems of Nuclear Power 247- Lesson 16: Identifying Causes of Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentration 248- Lesson 17: Correlating CO2 Concentration with Global Warming 249- Lesson 18: Explaining Causes and Effects of Acid Rain 250- Lesson 19: Describing Composition and Role of Ozone Layer 251- Lesson 20: Stating Sources of Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion 252- Lesson 21: Explaining Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation 253- Lesson 22: Narrating the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster 254- Lesson 23: Distinguishing Between Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources 255- Lesson 24: Describing Human Responsibility for Depleting Environmental Resources 256- Lesson 25: Discussing Conventional and Non-Conventional Energy Resources 257- Lesson 26: Analyzing Environmental Education Efforts 258- Lesson 01: Defining Gene Cloning 259- Lesson 02: Describing Gene Cloning Techniques 260- Lesson 03: Explaining Restriction Endonucleases and DNA Ligases 261- Lesson 04: Describing Gene Selection and Isolation 262- Lesson 05: Explaining Vectors in Recombinant DNA Technology 263- Lesson 06: Stating Steps for DNA Insert Integration into Vectors 264- Lesson 07: Describing Vector Selection for DNA Insert Uptake 265- Lesson 08: Explaining Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Gene Amplification 266- Lesson 09: Describing Genomic Library Construction 267- Lesson 10: Explaining DNA Sequencing Methods 268- Lesson 11: Describing Gel Electrophoresis for Gene Sequencing 269- Lesson 12: Introducing Automated DNA Sequencing 270- Lesson 13: Describing DNA Analysis Mechanisms 271- Lesson 14: Defining Genome Analysis, Genome Map, and Genetic Markers 272- Lesson 15: Stating the History of the Human Genome Project 273- Lesson 16: Describing the Goals of the Human Genome Project 274- Lesson 17: Predicting Benefits of the Human Genome Project 275- Lesson 18: Defining Terms in Plant Tissue Culture 276- Lesson 19: Explaining Tissue Culture and Differentiating Organ and Cell Culture 277- Lesson 20: Differentiating Callus and Suspension Culture Techniques 278- Lesson 21: Describing Various Plant Tissue Culture Techniques 279- Lesson 22: Explaining Animal Tissue Culture Techniques 280- Lesson 23: Stating Objectives of Transgenic Organisms 281- Lesson 24: Describing Methods for DNA Introduction into Cells/Embryos 282- Lesson 25: Describing Biotechnology's Role in Plant Resistance 283- Lesson 26: Stating Human Gene Transfers in Animals 284- Lesson 27: Describing the Role of Transgenic Bacteria 285- Lesson 28: Discussing Ecological Concerns with Transgenic Bacteria 286- Lesson 29: Describing Genetic Engineering in Farm Animals 287- Lesson 30: Describing Biotechnological Production of Vaccines 288- Lesson 31: Stating Biotechnology's Role in Disease Diagnosis 289- Lesson 32: Describing Products Obtained for Disease Treatment 290- Lesson 33: Explaining Methods for Gene Therapy 291- Lesson 34: Describing Gene Therapies in Detection and Treatment 292- Lesson 35: Explaining Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis 293- Lesson 36: Describing Scope and Importance in Human Welfare 294- Lesson 37: Listing Hazards and Ethical Implications of Gene Technology 295- Lesson 01: Explaining Integrated Disease Management 296- Lesson 02: Describing Vaccination and Its Importance 297- Lesson 03: Listing Common Viral Diseases Requiring Vaccination 298- Lesson 04: Describing the Role of Vaccines in Disease Prevention 299- Lesson 05: Stating Vaccination Schedules 300- Lesson 06: Describing Animal Husbandry and Its Economic Role 301- Lesson 07: Listing Outstanding Milk Producing Breeds 302- Lesson 08: Describing Methods for Plant Improvements 303- Lesson 09: Explaining Home Gardening and Its Importance 304- Lesson 10: Identifying Seasonal Vegetable and Fruit Plants for Home Gardening 305- Lesson 11: Explaining the Role of Microbes in Various Applications